The cable station, containing only high-voltage equipment to power supply the submarine cable, is usually located hundreds of meters from the beach manhole. The beach manhole consists of a buried container where the submarine cable is terminated and jointed to a terrestrial cable.

The transmission path of a POP to POP system consists of three sub-segments, as depicted on Figure 9.13, the wet plant linking beach manhole to beach manhole, the repeaterless link connecting beach manhole to cable landing station, and the terrestrial repeatered link connecting cable landing station to urban POP. This architecture has been challenged with the important increase of capacity of submarine cables brought on by ultra-large repeater bandwidth and reduction of channel spacing, which could lead to hundreds of regenerations per fiber pair in the CLS to bridge the submarine system to the terrestrial system.įigure 9.13. In this conventional configuration, connection to the operator’s point of presence (POP) located in urban areas is done through a terrestrial system that is fully independent of the submarine system. As PFE and high-voltage safety require a protection which might not be permitted by a long terrestrial cable, this cable station is often connected to the submarine cable via a few kilometers of a land cable. The terminations of a submarine system are mostly located close to the seashore in the cable landing station (CLS) where the submarine line terminal equipment (SLTE) is often collocated with the submarine cable power feeding equipment (PFE).

In term of network connectivity, submarine network traffic has traditionally been terminated in the cable landing station and connected to the terrestrial network to reach the in-land operator’s point of presence (POP). Olivier Courtois, Caroline Bardelay-Guyot, in Undersea Fiber Communication Systems (Second Edition), 2016 9.3.5 Network connectivity from POP to POP

Point of presence